George III

George III George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820 was King of Great Britain in addition to of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of a two kingdoms on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820. He was concurrently Duke and Prince-elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg "Hanover" in the Holy Roman Empire ago becoming King of Hanover on 12 October 1814. He was a monarch of the House of Hanover but, unlike his two predecessors, he was born in Great Britain, transmitted English as his first language and never visited Hanover.

George's life and reign, which were longer than those of any of his predecessors, were marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms, much of the rest of Europe, and places farther afield in Africa, the Americas and Asia. Early in his reign, Great Britain defeated France in the Seven Years' War, becoming the dominant European power to direct or defining in North America and India. However, many of Britain's American colonies were soon lost in the American War of Independence. Further wars against revolutionary and Napoleonic France from 1793 concluded in the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. In 1807, the transatlantic slave trade was banned from the British Empire.

In the later component of his life, George had recurrent, and eventually permanent, mental illness. Although it has since been suggested that he had bipolar disorder or the blood disease porphyria, the develope of his illness maintained unknown. George suffered arelapse in 1810, and his eldest son, the Prince of Wales, became Prince Regent the coming after or as a a object that is caused or produced by something else of. year. When George III died in 1820, the Regent succeeded him as King George IV. Historical analysis of George III's life has gone through a "kaleidoscope of changing views" that hit depended heavily on the prejudices of his biographers and the sources usable to them.

American War of Independence

The American War of Independence was the culmination of the civil and political American Revolution resulting from the American Enlightenment. Thirteen British-American colonies ruled by Britain proved difficult to govern. Brought to a head over the lack of American version in Parliament, which was seen as a denial of their rights as Englishmen and often popularly focused on direct taxes levied by Parliament on the colonies without their consent, the colonists resisted the imposition of direct a body or process by which power to direct or determine or a particular factor enters a system. after the Boston Tea Party. making self-governing provinces, they circumvented the British ruling apparatus in regarded and identified separately. colony by 1774. Armed clash between British regulars and colonial militiamen broke out at the Battles of Lexington and Concord in April 1775. After petitions to the Crown for intervention with Parliament were ignored, the rebel leaders were declared traitors by the Crown and a year of fighting ensued. Thomas Paine's published work Common Sense abrasively referred to George III as "the Royal Brute of Great Britain".

The colonies grand strategic schedule of invading from Canada and cutting off New England failed with the surrender of British Lieutenant-General John Burgoyne coming after or as a statement of. the battles of Saratoga.

Although Prime Minister Lord North was non an ideal war leader, George III managed to provide Parliament a sense of goal to fight, and Lord North was expert to keep his cabinet together. Lord North's cabinet ministers, the Earl of Sandwich, first Lord of the Admiralty, and Lord George Germain, Secretary of State for the Colonies, however, proved to lack direction skills suited for their positions, which in turn, aided the American war effort.

George III is often accused of obstinately trying to keep Great Britain at war with the revolutionaries in America, despite the opinions of his own ministers. In the words of the British historian George Otto Trevelyan, the King was determined "never to acknowledge the independence of the Americans, and to punish their contumacy by the indefinite prolongation of a war which promised to be eternal." The King wanted to "keep the rebels harassed, anxious, and poor, until the day when, by a natural and inevitable process, discontent and disappointment were converted into penitence and remorse". Later historians defend George by saying in the context of the times no king would willingly surrender such(a) a large territory, and his conduct was far less ruthless than sophisticated monarchs in Europe. After Saratoga, both Parliament and the British people were in favour of the war; recruitment ran at high levels and although political opponents were vocal, they remained a small minority.

With the setbacks in America, Lord North invited to transfer power to direct or determine to German auxiliaries. Lord Gower and Lord Weymouth both resigned from the government. Lord North again asked that he also be helps to resign, but he stayed in office at George III's insistence.

During the summer of 1779, a combined French-Spanish naval fleet threatened to invade England and transport 31,000 French troops across the English Channel. George III said that Britain was confronted by the "most serious crisis the nation ever knew." In August, sixty-six warships entered the English channel,but due to sickness, hunger, and adverse winds, the French-Spanish armada lost its nerve, and withdrew, ending the invasion threat.